🔹 2.3 Plants & Animals in Different Surroundings (Habitats)

🌊 Fishes (Aquatic animals)

• Live in water.
• Have streamlined bodies → helps in smooth swimming.
• Use fins for movement.

🌿 Goats (Terrestrial animals)

Live in grassy areas on land.

Move with the help of legs.

Suitable for walking and jumping on uneven land.

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🌵 Desert Plants (Rajasthan)

• Cactus → Thick, fleshy stems store water.
• Can survive in hot days & cold nights.

🌲 Mountain Plants (Himalayas)

• Deodar trees → Conical shape + sloping branches.
• Help snow slide off easily during snowfall.

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🐪 Camels in Different Deserts

Feature	Hot Desert Camel (Rajasthan)	Cold Desert Camel (Ladakh)
🦵 Legs	Long legs + wide hooves → walk easily on sand.	Short legs → walk easily on mountains.
🐫 Humps	One hump → stores food & fat.	Two humps → store extra food, shrink in winter.
🧥 Body	Less hair → tolerate heat.	Long hair → protect from cold.
💧 Water need	Can survive without water (stores water in body).	Same survival feature.

🟡 Special Features of Camels

• Store food in humps.
• Excrete less urine, dry dung, do not sweat → save water.
• Can survive many days without water.

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🌸 Rhododendrons in Different Regions

• 🌺 Rhododendrons are plants with bright, beautiful flowers.
• They are found in different mountain regions of India.

🏔️ In Nilgiris (Shola forests – South India)

• Rhododendrons are short in height.
• Leaves are small.
• Reason: To survive heavy winds on mountain tops.

⛰️ In Sikkim (Himalayan mountains – North-East India)

• Rhododendrons are taller.
• Have bigger leaves compared to Nilgiri ones.
• Reason: Different climate & survival needs.

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🌍 Adaptations & Habitat

🐋 Example from Andaman & Nicobar Islands

• Sagar saw whales and colorful fish in the ocean.
• 🐟 Fish have streamlined bodies → helps them swim easily in water.

🌱 What are Adaptations?

• Adaptations = Special features of plants and animals that help them survive in their surroundings.
• Examples:
• 🌲 Deodar tree → Conical shape & sloping branches help snow slide off.
• 🌸 Rhododendron → Height and leaf size change with region (Nilgiris vs. Sikkim).
• 🐪 Camel → Hump stores food, long legs help in desert sand.

🏡 What is Habitat?

• Habitat = The place where a plant or animal lives.
• It provides food, water, air, and shelter for survival.
• Examples:
• 🐢 Sea turtle → Sea/ocean
• 🐪 Camel → Desert (hot or cold)
• 🌸 Rhododendron → Mountains
• 👉 Many plants & animals can share the same habitat.

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🌊 Aquatic and Terrestrial Habitats

• Aquatic Habitat → Plants & animals living in water.
• Examples: 🐠 Fish, 🐢 Turtles, 🐳 Whales, 🐊 Crocodiles, 🌾 Lotus
• Terrestrial Habitat → Plants & animals living on land.
• Examples: 🐐 Goat, 🐅 Tiger, 🐿️ Squirrel, 🌳 Mango tree

🐸 Amphibians

• Animals that live both on land and in water.
• Example: Frog 🐸

❌ Damage to Habitats → Loss of Biodiversity

If habitats are destroyed:

• 🌱 Plants and 🐾 animals lose food, water, shelter.
• Example:
• Goat without grass = cannot survive 🐐
• Fish without water = dies 🐟
• 👉 This results in loss of biodiversity.

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🟡 Important Terms

• Biodiversity – Variety of life in an area
• Habitat – Place where living things survive
• Adaptations – Special features to survive (camel’s hump, cactus storing water)
• Herbs, Shrubs, Trees – Plant types
• Venation – Pattern of leaf veins
• Dicots & Monocots – Based on seeds

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🔴 Summary Points

• ✔️ We see variety in plants & animals = Diversity
• ✔️ Grouping helps study better
• ✔️ Plants → Herbs, shrubs, trees, dicots, monocots
• ✔️ Animals → Grouped by movement, food, habitat
• ✔️ Adaptations help survival (camel in desert, fish in water)
• ✔️ Biodiversity differs from region to region
• ✔️ Protecting biodiversity is essential 🌍

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🎯 Quick Questions for Practice

1. 🌱 Name two plants with parallel venation.
2. 🐪 Why can camels survive without water for many days?
3. 🌲 Why are deodar trees conical in shape?
4. 🐦 Which scientist is called the “Birdman of India”?
5. 🐸 Give one example of an amphibian.