Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 10 Biomolecules MCQs Updated 2024

Q.1: Which of the following monosaccharides is a component of RNA?
(a) Glucose
(b) Ribose
(c) Fructose
(d) Galactose

Answer: (b) Ribose
Explanation: Ribose is the pentose sugar present in RNA.

Q.2: Which of the following is a reducing sugar?
(a) Sucrose
(b) Glucose
(c) Starch
(d) Cellulose

Answer: (b) Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is a reducing sugar because it has a free aldehyde group.

Q.3: Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?
(a) Starch
(b) Glycogen
(c) Cellulose
(d) Maltose

Answer: (d) Maltose
Explanation: Maltose is a disaccharide, not a polysaccharide.

Q.4: What is the main storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
(a) Starch
(b) Cellulose
(c) Glycogen
(d) Glucose

Answer: (c) Glycogen
Explanation: Glycogen is the main storage form of carbohydrates in animals.

Q.5: Which of the following amino acids is not essential?
(a) Lysine
(b) Valine
(c) Glycine
(d) Methionine

Answer: (c) Glycine
Explanation: Glycine is not an essential amino acid as it can be synthesized by the body.

Q.6: Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin D
(c) Vitamin E
(d) Vitamin C

Answer: (d) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is water-soluble.

Q.7: Which of the following is not a protein?
(a) Insulin
(b) Hemoglobin
(c) Cellulose
(d) Keratin

Answer: (c) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide, not a protein.

Q.8: Which of the following bases is found in RNA but not in DNA?
(a) Adenine
(b) Guanine
(c) Uracil
(d) Thymine

Answer: (c) Uracil
Explanation: Uracil is found in RNA instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.

Q.9: Which of the following bonds connects amino acids in a protein?
(a) Glycosidic bond
(b) Peptide bond
(c) Phosphodiester bond
(d) Hydrogen bond

Answer: (b) Peptide bond
Explanation: Peptide bonds connect amino acids in a protein.

Q.10: Which of the following vitamins is involved in blood clotting?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B₁₂
(c) Vitamin K
(d) Vitamin D

Answer: (c) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors.

Q.11: Which of the following is a disaccharide?
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Lactose
(d) Galactose

Answer: (c) Lactose
Explanation: Lactose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose.

Q.12: Which of the following is a primary structure of a protein?
(a) Alpha-helix
(b) Beta-sheet
(c) Amino acid sequence
(d) Tertiary structure

Answer: (c) Amino acid sequence
Explanation: The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

Q.13: Which of the following is not a lipid?
(a) Cholesterol
(b) Triglyceride
(c) Phospholipid
(d) Cellulose

Answer: (d) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a carbohydrate, not a lipid.

Q.14: Which of the following is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
(a) Increase activation energy
(b) Decrease activation energy
(c) Provide energy
(d) None of the above

Answer: (b) Decrease activation energy
Explanation: Enzymes act as catalysts by lowering the activation energy of biochemical reactions.

Q.15: Which of the following is an example of a globular protein?
(a) Collagen
(b) Keratin
(c) Hemoglobin
(d) Fibroin

Answer: (c) Hemoglobin
Explanation: Hemoglobin is a globular protein involved in oxygen transport.

Q.16: Which of the following is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
(a) Glycogen
(b) Cellulose
(c) Starch
(d) Glucose

Answer: (c) Starch
Explanation: Starch is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants.

Q.17: Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
(a) Vitamin C
(b) Vitamin B₁₂
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Vitamin B₆

Answer: (c) Vitamin A
Explanation: Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin.

Q.18: Which of the following enzymes is involved in the digestion of proteins?
(a) Amylase
(b) Lipase
(c) Pepsin
(d) Maltase

Answer: (c) Pepsin
Explanation: Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach.

Q.19: Which of the following is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?
(a) Amino acids
(b) Nucleotides
(c) Monosaccharides
(d) Fatty acids

Answer: (b) Nucleotides
Explanation: Nucleotides are the monomer units of nucleic acids.

Q.20: Which of the following carbohydrates cannot be digested by humans?
(a) Starch
(b) Glycogen
(c) Cellulose
(d) Sucrose

Answer: (c) Cellulose
Explanation: Humans lack the enzyme to digest cellulose.

Q.21: Which of the following amino acids contains sulfur?
(a) Valine
(b) Cysteine
(c) Leucine
(d) Phenylalanine

Answer: (b) Cysteine
Explanation: Cysteine contains a thiol (sulfur-containing) group.

Q.22: Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
(a) Vitamin D
(b) Vitamin K
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin E

Answer: (c) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is water-soluble.

Q.23: Which of the following is the main function of hemoglobin?
(a) Enzyme activity
(b) Oxygen transport
(c) Structural support
(d) Hormone regulation

Answer: (b) Oxygen transport
Explanation: Hemoglobin is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.

Q.24: Which of the following carbohydrates is found in milk?
(a) Glucose
(b) Lactose
(c) Fructose
(d) Sucrose

Answer: (b) Lactose
Explanation: Lactose is the disaccharide found in milk.

Q.25: Which of the following is the major structural component of the cell wall in plants?
(a) Cellulose
(b) Starch
(c) Glycogen
(d) Chitin

Answer: (a) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is the major structural component of the plant cell wall.

Q.26: Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
(a) Oleic acid
(b) Linoleic acid
(c) Palmitic acid
(d) Stearic acid

Answer: (b) Linoleic acid
Explanation: Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet.

Q.27: Which of the following nucleotides is found in DNA but not in RNA?
(a) Adenine
(b) Cytosine
(c) Thymine
(d) Uracil

Answer: (c) Thymine
Explanation: Thymine is found in DNA but is replaced by uracil in RNA.

Q.28: Which of the following is the function of bile salts in digestion?
(a) Protein digestion
(b) Carbohydrate digestion
(c) Lipid emulsification
(d) Nucleic acid digestion

Answer: (c) Lipid emulsification
Explanation: Bile salts emulsify lipids, making them easier to digest.

Q.29: Which of the following enzymes breaks down starch into maltose?
(a) Amylase
(b) Lipase
(c) Pepsin
(d) Trypsin

Answer: (a) Amylase
Explanation: Amylase breaks down starch into maltose.

Q.30: Which of the following is the main storage form of lipids in the body?
(a) Phospholipids
(b) Steroids
(c) Triglycerides
(d) Waxes

Answer: (c) Triglycerides
Explanation: Triglycerides are the main storage form of lipids in the body.

Q.31: Which of the following amino acids is aromatic?
(a) Valine
(b) Alanine
(c) Tyrosine
(d) Glycine

Answer: (c) Tyrosine
Explanation: Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid.

Q.32: Which of the following is the monomer unit of cellulose?
(a) Fructose
(b) Glucose
(c) Galactose
(d) Ribose

Answer: (b) Glucose
Explanation: Cellulose is composed of glucose monomers.

Q.33: Which of the following is a ketose sugar?
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Galactose
(d) Ribose

Answer: (b) Fructose
Explanation: Fructose is a ketose sugar with a keto group.

Q.34: Which of the following is a storage form of glucose in animals?
(a) Starch
(b) Cellulose
(c) Glycogen
(d) Chitin

Answer: (c) Glycogen
Explanation: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals.

Q.35: Which of the following vitamins is required for the synthesis of collagen?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B₆
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D

Answer: (c) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen.

Q.36: Which of the following is a pentose sugar found in nucleotides?
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Ribose
(d) Galactose

Answer: (c) Ribose
Explanation: Ribose is a pentose sugar found in RNA nucleotides.

Q.37: Which of the following lipids is a major component of cell membranes?
(a) Triglycerides
(b) Steroids
(c) Phospholipids
(d) Waxes

Answer: (c) Phospholipids
Explanation: Phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes.

Q.38: Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
(a) Glucose
(b) Maltose
(c) Lactose
(d) Sucrose

Answer: (d) Sucrose
Explanation: Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar because it does not have a free aldehyde or keto group.

Q.39: Which of the following is the major nitrogenous waste product in humans?
(a) Urea
(b) Ammonia
(c) Uric acid
(d) Creatinine

Answer: (a) Urea
Explanation: Urea is the major nitrogenous waste product excreted by humans.

Q.40: Which of the following nucleotides pairs with adenine in DNA?
(a) Thymine
(b) Cytosine
(c) Guanine
(d) Uracil

Answer: (a) Thymine
Explanation: Thymine pairs with adenine in DNA.

Q.41: Which of the following is a coenzyme?
(a) NAD+
(b) ATP
(c) ADP
(d) FAD

Answer: (a) NAD+
Explanation: NAD+ is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions.

Q.42: Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by the skin upon exposure to sunlight?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B₆
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K

Answer: (c) Vitamin D
Explanation: Vitamin D is synthesized by the skin upon exposure to sunlight.

Q.43: Which of the following is a primary structure of protein?
(a) Alpha-helix
(b) Beta-sheet
(c) Amino acid sequence
(d) Quaternary structure

Answer: (c) Amino acid sequence
Explanation: The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

Q.44: Which of the following is an antioxidant vitamin?
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D
(d) Vitamin K

Answer: (b) Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant in the body.

Q.45: Which of the following is the storage form of glucose in plants?
(a) Glycogen
(b) Cellulose
(c) Starch
(d) Chitin

Answer: (c) Starch
Explanation: Starch is the storage form of glucose in plants.

Q.46: Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
(a) Vitamin B₁
(b) Vitamin B₆
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin E

Answer: (d) Vitamin E
Explanation: Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin.

Q.47: Which of the following amino acids is essential?
(a) Glycine
(b) Valine
(c) Alanine
(d) Serine

Answer: (b) Valine
Explanation: Valine is an essential amino acid that must be obtained from the diet.

Q.48: Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide in plants?
(a) Starch
(b) Glycogen
(c) Cellulose
(d) Chitin

Answer: (c) Cellulose
Explanation: Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.

Q.49: Which of the following is a function of RNA?
(a) Genetic information storage
(b) Protein synthesis
(c) Lipid synthesis
(d) Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer: (b) Protein synthesis
Explanation: RNA is involved in protein synthesis as a messenger (mRNA), transfer (tRNA), and ribosomal (rRNA) RNA.

Q.50: Which of the following is an example of a fibrous protein?
(a) Hemoglobin
(b) Myoglobin
(c) Collagen
(d) Insulin

Answer: (c) Collagen
Explanation: Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides structural support.

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